Why has the Arab state been associated with authoritarian types of governance?

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Please use the following essential sources:

1- Halliday, Fred (2005) The Middle East in International Relations – Power, Politics and Ideology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2- Mansfield, Peter (2013) A History of the Middle East, London: Penguin, Fourth Edition.

3- Elizabeth Picard, ‘Arab Military in Politics: from Revolutionary Plot to Authoritarian State’, Giacomo Luciani ed., The Arab State, 1992, p.200.

Answer preview for why has the Arab state been associated with authoritarian types of governance?

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